And, such populations of learners could probably support an advertising/low course fee model of consumption. Here there is significant nonconsumption of higher education. Instructional Technology program at the University of St. Thomas in Houston, Texas. Disruptive innovation happens frequently in many industries, but is actually rather rare in education. My high school son competed in a national robotics competition during his sophomore year of high school. Therefore, the “disruptive technology platforms” for education will need to enable great diversity. Keynote Address: Disruptive Innovation—Health Professions Education as a Determinant of Health. Excitement about the role of technology in improving education is a good thing as far as I’m concerned. Let’s face it - there is a general sense that the current education system is not up to the challenges of the future. In my opinion, these are simply a few examples of trendy teaching techniques that represent educational disruptive innovation through the use of social media as a supporting instructional tool. According to Christensen’s disruptive innovation theory markets are disrupted when new entrants figure out an innovative way to provide a “simpler” product to a wider set of buyers at a more affordable price. Privacy Policy, Disruption in the education space requires better service models that are built around improved educational program quality, The disruption in terms of content will need to be content that enables educational experiences that are up-to-date (read “relevant”), adaptive to the interests of the learner, easily adaptable by teachers and yet thorough in terms of teaching the educational foundation that are defined via #1. Gamification is a method that can be used in a multitude of ways to teach concepts to students. Students who show a mastery of the material can be given an advanced lab exercise designed to challenge them. In many cases already, this has been met with innovation at a rate the sector previously hasn’t seen before- moving from concept to deployment rapidly. While Christensen predicted in 2008’s Disrupting Class great disruptions in the segment from online learning, the reality so far is that greater adoption of online learning has continued as expected but not very disruptive: price points for education continue to rise ahead of inflation and while online education continues to grow it is largely seen as reflecting traditional models rather than a disruption. It is that time when the apple cart is upset and innovation booms. Innovation not only impacts global economies and business models, but the quality of life of people. Is there a strong motivation for current providers of education to engage in this model? In a traditional classroom setting, a student will show up to class, listen to the lecture, takes notes, and be expected to remember everything that was discussed. I think MOOCs have the potential to be disruptive on the low end of the education market as a new model for delivering “open university style education.” For example, today’s MOOCs could be an appealing alternative to the content portion of massive open universities around the world, featuring star professors from highly ranked universities. Will they disrupt education? Minecraft is being used to teach mathematical concepts, architectural concepts, and even symbolism in literature. Disruptive innovations are however differentiated from sustaining innovations. Disruptive innovation in K–12 education in the form of online learning is also the catalyst to bring about more equitable access to high-quality education. One example of this is Capaball, a start-up company that has developed the first ever Artificial Intelligence system that creates training programs tailor made to match the student's profile.The idea came about as a result of the acknowledgement of two realities: that current education is not meeting the challenge laid down by the digital revolution and that … In business theory, a disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. The Internet of Things (IoT), augmented reality, and advancements in online learning have changed the way universities reach prospective students, engage with their current student body, and provide them the resources they need. As a result these platforms are fueling collaboration among Higher Education centers. While these factors may be relevant to understanding MOOCs, they can be applied to other hype areas as well. So, hooray for the MOOC phenomena in terms of making claims about needed innovations such as scale, analytics and the potential power of star teachers that will help accelerate the innovation trend toward online/blended that we are already on! And, while online/blended models have certainly improved access – well, the percentage of the population that has achieved credentials has been very level. “Mini mills” dramatically disrupted the steel industry once dominated by the great … The students of today and tomorrow are technology learners first, academics second. Disruptive innovation and change requires disrupting our assumptions about leadership. Uber is often cited as an example of This makes learning easier and social. The fi rst are new-market disruptions, which succeed because they bring previous nonconsumers into the market. As with most hyped innovations, eventually some aspects of the innovation “survive,” crossing the chasm to productive advancement of the industry. For more information on the IMS trademark usage policy see trademark policy page, © 2001-2020 IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc. All Rights Reserved. Will they substitute for those universities – no. Differentiated learning processes can be integrated into curriculum. Disruptive innovation is not something that starts out in a large, mass production style, but more of a small market where it grows and flourishes until the larger market takes notice. Disruptive innovations usually find their first customers at the bottom of the market: as unproven, often unpolished, products, they cannot command a high price. Education and innovation consortium NMC’s 2015 Higher Education report points to this trend. Well, if you consider displacement of open universities and/or a new business model for them disruptive, then yes. In the s, computers were. Since the simpler product is actually what the broader market prefers (simpler means more usable, more effective for the desired purposes) the product is highly disruptive – better product at lower price point. Hold on to your hat here as these are things that we don’t hear much talk about in the education space – especially when you go to meetings on one of the hyped topics or even to investor conferences! We’re pretty proud of this program because there is simply no way to win with hype. As little as 10 years ago, this would not have been possible. Through disruptive innovation, I can now attend a program that is entirely online and receive a master’s degree in higher education with never setting foot on campus. The instructor can they require a post video quiz that questions the students on the material presented. In IMS we try to ferret out “winners” by looking at criteria for something we call “Learning Impact” – which is defined by a set of judging criteria we use in our annual Learning Impact Awards (LIAs). And, congratulations to the leading institutions willing to make a space to try out the MOOC innovations as another set of tools that might be leveraged in the quest for improved education. While students in eighth grade and higher are building and coding robots for national competitions. We aim to categorise references to the concept over time, across geographical regions and across prespecified healthcare domains. Through disruptive innovation, I can now attend a program that is entirely online and receive a master’s degree in higher education with never setting foot on campus. Writing about what happened in the past and putting a framework around it is great – but if it doesn't help predict the future it doesn’t especially help entrepreneurs or us “investors.”. Harvard Business Professor Clayton Christensen, best known for his work on “disruptive innovation,” passed away on January 23.. His passing offers us an opportunity to reconsider the bind in which American higher education finds itself. For example, in a high school-level chemistry class, the teacher can present the materials in online in video format, quiz the students on the material, and then implement lab exercises based on the results of the quiz. The personal computer is an excellent example of a new-market innova-tion in that its … It is an astonishing thought that instructional sound bits have the potential to reach and engage millions of virtual learners through social media. It would also provide a potential revenue producing and marketing outlet for institutions and their “star teachers.” Of course there are the normal challenges of achieving accreditation from the countries/states as needed to prove value to the potential students. Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is an example of disruptive innovation in higher education. The challenge for innovators and investors is to utilize critical thinking to rationalize what will sustain and what the real Impact will be. Right now there are quite a few over-hyped activities in the education segment. Key concepts include: As an industry, education has certain elements that have made the market difficult to penetrate and lasting reform hard to come by. -- Harvard Business School Professor Clayton Christensen Very much like Kahn Academy, which is often referred to as a MOOC now even though it existed for a few years prior to the term. To me the hype around things like MOOCs represents a longing by many for “a better educational future” – presumably involving lower costs to students and better career/life fulfillment, not to mention better global citizens needed to solve our global challenges. BTW it's amazing how well the Gartner Hype Cycle fits the Wizard of Oz! It is a DVD by mail model that turned the video rental business market upside down and pushed the industry veteran Blockbuster into bankruptcy. Christensen was recently quoted in an interview as stating that higher education institutions are going to be in real trouble 5 years from now. As discussed above the next stage in education is greater diversification, not massification. Yes. They pretty much fly in the face of the three tenants above. Jim Farmer does a very thorough job of digging into the theories as applied to MOOCs here. Steel mini mills. Take computers as an example. Personally I would be asking MOOC providers to take the risk in terms of proving the validity of the market/business model (such as the ideas around open university displacement) – and not taking on that risk for my university. Sustaining innovation. However, he has not made it clear why things will be different in the next 5 years versus the last 5 years since Disrupting Class was published. Are you an investor? I think MOOCs have the potential to be disruptive on the low end of the education market as a new model for delivering “open university style education.”  For example, today’s MOOCs could be an appealing alternative to the content portion of massive open universities around the world, featuring star professors from highly ranked universities. for disruptive innovations, of which there are two types. This allows me to maintain a full-time job while achieving a graduate degree in the same time frame as a traditional student who attends courses on campus. Receive the latest in education news and lesson plans via email. With that in mind, here are 3 examples of disruptive innovation in healthcare and healthcare delivery, and how … They are clearly an evolution of the trend toward pervasive online/blended/more flexible educational models/flipping the classroom. Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns by Clayton M. Christensen. Disruptive innovation is a “process by which a product or service takes root initially in simple applications at the bottom of a market and then relentlessly moves up market, eventually displacing established competitors." Artificial Intelligence. Disruptive innovation is the force that democratizes those technologies. The 2017 keynote speaker, Shafik Dharamsi, PhD, has dedicated his career to addressing issues of health equity and social justice through engaged scholarship and the development of an ethically and civically inspired higher education agenda. While it is very valuable to have any great thinker on business strategy analyzing education and providing insights from other industries that might apply (like Christensen), education leaders need to do their own critical thinking about these formulations of “disruptive innovation” in the education segment. But, in general the whole annual Learning Impact event is about understanding where the innovation really is. Students as early as second and third grade are being introduced to technology in education. Students who do not show a mastery of the material can be given a less complex lab in order to increase their understanding and their mastery of the material. In … In higher education, because the landscape is so much different from K–12 education, disruptive innovation is playing a different role. Disruptive innovation is known in some circles as upsetting the apple cart. Not on the current trajectory. So, open university providers get a “pay per use” version of content (versus the larger investments they must make today for tuition) that is likely better than what they are offering today, which if subsidized by advertising (net revenue equals small pay per use from open university provider coupled with advertising revenues) could equate to substantial revenues over a large numbers of users with similar interests (as indicated by the topic of study). Our work at the Christensen Institute has shown that the principles of disruption can be beneficial to areas across society, including healthcare, education, and economic growth. But, as leaders in the education segment we do need to get better at understanding where we have been and where we are going, what constitutes innovation and/or disruption that is worthy of investment? Disruptive innovation is geared towards attacking the norm, creating innovative ways to achieve or surpass current goals by making the desired item more accessible and attainable by the masses. Diversity in terms of delivery models and blending of high touch with personalized self-service. While I, like many other silicon valley entrepreneurs, have found Christensen’s original formulations on disruptive innovation descriptive of what is generally seen in the high tech world, and a useful thought framework, well, the problem is that these formulations have not been at all predictive for education – and that is the acid test for using theory for strategic gain – is it predictive? We can also make the case for disruptive innovation cleaner when we highlight some examples of companies that aren’t disruptive: 1. In this commentary, the application of this term to pharmacy within the context of the current status of pharmacy education and practice, highlighting barriers, discussing requirements, and identifying implications for future innovative opportunities in pharmacy is discussed. of Info. Would this application of MOOCs be disruptive? Disruptive innovation is changing education and the way that we are reaching our students. I am currently a student in the M.Ed. Disruptive Innovation refers to a technology whose application significantly affects the way a market or industry functions. As previously discussed the more you commoditize an educational experience the less valuable the education is. © 2001-2020 IMS Global Learning Consortium Inc. You can think of it as evidence that the application of technology in an educational setting has had a clear impact on access, affordability and/or quality. BBA in Mgmt. Are MOOCs potentially promising innovations? As such, there are few innovations that can truly be labelled ‘disruptive’. Virtual Reality is not just for entertainment or gaming and could disrupt how people do business. Organization is a twelve letter word that can be incredibly daunting. All rights reserved. From this, we further aim to critique and challenge the sector-specific use of the concept. This approach could potentially disrupt the open university market worldwide and create a much larger interest in open university derivative models as a way to learn more about a particular topic and/or as preparation for entry to other universities. I do agree that “buyers” (students/parents) are in fact getting smarter about looking for lower cost options as well as attempting to understand the value of a higher education degree. Clayton Christensen, the leading expert on “disruptive innovation,” has written at least two books specifically focused on education. It is through disruptive innovation that students can matriculate from fully accredited colleges and universities by attending online courses. And thus, these new entrants change the market behavior substantially. Prior to the class time, the instructor can review the results of the quiz and tailor the lecture so that it covers the material missed by the majority of the students, thus allowing more discussion and coverage of material that the students are having difficulty with and less time with material that they have mastered. Should open universities or other new entrants that wish to compete in that space try a MOOC/advertising/low course fee supported model? Competencies & Academic Standards Exchange, Learning Tools Interoperability & LTI Advantage, OneRoster / Learning Information Services / Edu-API, I wrote a paper about what the technology impact in higher education back in 2005-7, Christensen was recently quoted in an interview, this feature interview with Anthony Salcito of Microsoft, I’m Gonna Find Out What I Got (Focus on Mastery), I See Your True Colors Shining Through (Digital on Day One and IMS Compatibility Check), Together, We are Going to a Brand New Home, Getting in Tune to the Straight and Narrow, William H. (Bill) Graves Leadership Award. Despite Higher Ed’s reputation for being slow to adapt, it is undeniable how disruptive certain technologies have been in recent years. I would include in these MOOCs, Common Core State Standards, analytics, badges and open educational resources (OER). Systems; pursuing an M.Ed in Instructional Technology, University of St. Thomas, TX, Ways to Build Community in a Virtual Early Childhood Classroom, Establishing Student Expectations for Online Instruction, Fostering a Collaborative Classroom During Remote Learning. It’s difficult to imagine how something could have achieved more hype in the higher education segment – and they are very clearly striking a nerve for being potentially highly disruptive. We all know that…, It wouldn’t surprise you to hear that the learning process is at its…. [Note: In a future blog post I will take a whack at what I think will be the sustainable innovations that might cross the chasm coming out of some of the hype items mentioned above: MOOCs, Common Core State Standards, analytics, badges and open educational resources (OER).]. However, I would say that if you don’t know at this point why you are investing (in terms of what impact you expect will sustain at your institution, and therefore what the return on your investment is likely to be) then you are not applying the level of critical thinking you need to. See more of Rob Abel’s views on educational innovation throughout the Learning Impact blog as well as this feature interview with Anthony Salcito of Microsoft. It is…, Teachers’ “to-do” lists are never ending and sometimes shockingly long. In the 1950s, computers were multi-million dollar machines that had to be housed in large buildings and that could only be operated … It just means that they are being portrayed as more significant in terms of ability to “disrupt” education than they will be capable of delivering on. Here, this executive director of education and co-founder of Innosight Institute, McCrea: What are some examples of disruptive innovation?. From Rob Abel's Learning Impact Keynote: Innovation, Disruption, Revolution Oh My! The innovators in the education segment have NOT disrupted the status quo significantly so far. At the 2013 Learning Impact conference I presented a keynote “Innovation, Disruption, Revolution – Oh My!”  I chose this topic because the degree of hype about “disruption” in education seems to be at an all time high right now. Take computers as an example. But I would argue that we are nowhere near a true disruption (rise) in the number of participants in higher education. Incumbents are often complacent, slow to recognize the threat that their inferior competitors pose. They range from…, Why is it Important to Establish Expectations for Students? That would be a good fit with the “course-focused” strength of MOOCs. Disruptive innovation became a buzz phrase in the mid-1990s in the business world. Videos, presentations and forums integrate education materials from different sources in different formats. This allows the instructor to make the class more engaging and allows the students to ask more questions about the harder material, leading to a better understanding. How Disruptive Innovation Changes Education by Martha Lagace HBS professor Clayton M. Christensen, who developed the theory of disruptive innovation, joins colleagues Michael B. Horn and Curtis W. Johnson to advocate for ways in which ideas around innovation can spur much-needed improvements in public education. This allows me to maintain a full-time job while achieving a graduate degree in the same time frame as a traditional student who attends courses on campus. Unclear. Although little mention is made of Artificial Intelligence in the world of education, the truth is that projects in this area have been implemented over the last few years. This page contains trademarks of the IMS Global Learning Consortium including the IMS Logos, Learning Tools Interoperability® (LTI®), Accessible Portable Item Protocol® (APIP®), Question and Test Interoperability® (QTI®), Common Cartridge® (CC®), AccessForAll™, OneRoster®, Caliper Analytics®,SensorAPI™ and Competencies and Academic Standards Exchange® (CASE®). © 2020 K-12 Teachers Alliance. With a classroom that is using disruptive learning, whether it is a traditional class or online/hybrid course, the instructor could provide a video of the lecture prior to the class meeting allowing the student to view the material in advance. The study aims to conduct a systematic review to characterise the spread and use of the concept of ‘disruptive innovation’ within the healthcare sector. A Q&A with the authors of Disrupting Class: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns. A student could have attended several courses online, but to achieve a degree with only online courses would have been unheard of. If we wanted him to turn left, we had to make him turn right 3 times. Disruptive Innovations have the potential to be an incredibly positive force in the world. Whether this is ‘innovation’ that results in a ‘leaner’ business model … Uber. The possibilities are endless in regards to what a teacher/instructor/professor can use when it comes to disruptive learning in the classroom. The former originate either in low-end markets or new-market footholds, whereas the latter make good products better. But, there are some potential ways in which MOOCs could be disruptive in a more limited way. I would argue that any individual that is putting time into educational technology leadership at any level is an investor, but certainly institutions that are spending on innovation, and yes, venture capital investors (investors in this segment, including some pretty big names, are making some bad decisions right now about where they are putting their money – but this post is more about how institutions should decide to invest their resources). With the advent of one-to-one and no child left behind, traditional classroom methodologies are slowly being left behind and replaced with disruptive learning. And business models, but is actually rather rare in education will change the the. The leading expert on “ disruptive technology is the delivery method of lecture. High touch with personalized self-service achieve a degree with only online courses be in real trouble 5 years from.... Diversity in terms of delivery models and blending of high school who show a of! 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