Many Jains do not return Jainism as their religion on census forms for various reasons such as certain Jain castes considering themselves both Hindu and Jain. [90] By contrast, the birth rate in Germany is only 8.3 per 1,000, which is so low that both the UK and France, which have significantly smaller populations, produced more births in 2010. Some countries with a historically large Christian population have experienced a significant decline in the numbers of professed active Christians: see demographics of atheism. Measured by persons, the increase was highest in India (290 million) and China (192 million). However, world population growth is unevenly distributed, with the total fertility rate ranging from 0.83 in Singapore, to 6.49 in Niger. A large amount settled in the large cities of Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. Since the Mongolic and Tungusic language families have only a relatively small number of speakers, the majority of the Altaic percentage represents speakers of Turkic languages. More Americans specify as German than any other ethnicity. Population Control: Real Costs, Illusory Benefits, Population and housing censuses by country, International Conference on Population and Development, Human activities with impact on the environment, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demographics_of_the_world&oldid=992376876, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from June 2018, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014, Wikipedia references cleanup from September 2016, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from September 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 58782-58790. a la adoptada por la Oficina de Gestión y Presupuesto. [38][39] These territories share a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation. Bengali is spoken by around 250 million people worldwide, predominantly in Bangladesh and India. Total population: 83.7% over the age of 15 can read and write, 88.3% male and 79.2% female[citation needed] )[citation needed], As of 2008, the school life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) for a man or woman is 11 years. As communism collapsed around Eastern Europe … Datos sobre los principales indicadores socioeconómicos. [3][4] The world's literacy rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today. Note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5% Nauru Low birth rates can put stress on the government to provide adequate senior welfare systems and also the stress on families to support the elders themselves. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of, The Monaco government uses a smaller surface area figure resulting in a population density of 18,078 per km, Kettani, H. (2014). Between 2010 and 2018, the fastest growing racial group in Minnesota was the Black or African American population, which grew by 36%, adding more than 96,500 people. Utiliza el Traductor de DeepL para traducir texto y documentos instantáneamente. A total average of 87% of urban and rural have access to improved drinking water. Both overall population numbers and the proportion residing in cities are expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Biologically there are only 4 (caucasian,negroid,mongoloid,australoid) 1. Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death by race/ethnicity . The population numbers below are computed by a combination of census reports, random surveys (in countries where religion data is not collected in census, for example United States or France), and self-reported attendance numbers, but results can vary widely depending on the way questions are phrased, the definitions of religion used and the bias of the agencies or organizations conducting the survey. Please note that this table includes heterodox movements as adherents to their larger philosophical category, although this may be disputed by others within that category. France has a birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 12.3 per cent. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 50,000). View this downloadable infographic to get key facts about the major ethnic groups in New Zealand in 2013. debe unir sus fuerzas para eliminar esos fenómenos. These individuals witnessed the changing of their home due to the arrival of European immigrants.Records indicate that Dutch explorers were the first to come to the continent, but it was the British who decide… There are 7 major races in the world including subraces . NC-EST2019-ASR6H The least populous of the compared places has a population of 383,899. After Tito’s death in 1980, economic woes led to a rise in ethnic nationalism. Historically, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the context of. [88], Birth rates vary even within the same geographic areas. The world's population is 7 billion[34] and Earth's total area (including land and water) is 510 million square kilometres (197 million square miles). [19] The overall population of the world is approximately 7.7 billion as of December 2018. [82], Some countries experienced negative population growth, especially in Eastern Europe mainly due to low fertility rates, high death rates and emigration. Nearly two-thirds of the world's population lives in Asia, with more than 2.7 billion in the countries of China and India combined. Population by Race/Ethnicity New York Finger Lakes Region. Numbers are ratios of age-adjusted rates standardized to the 2000 US standard population. This effect may be caused by emigration and higher male mortality as result of higher post-Soviet era deaths; it may also be related to the enormous (by western standards) rate of alcoholism in the former Soviet states. Race and Ethnicity of the U.S. Population. However, they saw the smallest growth rate out of all racial ethnic groups from 2000 to 2018, causing their share to shrink by nearly 10 percentage points. National and regional populations. Population, by Race and Ethnicity: 2013. In undeveloped countries on the other hand, families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old age. In 2006, more than 36 millions died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients". Indian subcontinent, Australasia, Northern America, Southeast Asia, the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Download. Data required on total number of births per year, and distribution by country. However, in countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the economy accelerated, birth rate also rapidly declined. The world's literacy rate has increased dramatically in the last 40 years, from 66.7% in 1979 to 86.3% today. 8.2% (2009 est.) 4% of the urban population does not have access to improved drinking water, leaving 22% of rural people without improved drinking water with a total world population of 13% not having access to drinking water. Various fertility factors may be involved, such as education and urbanization. However, there are currently no reliable population estimates by ethnic group available at the local authority level for the years between censuses. [83] Japan's population began decreasing in 2005. 19. [7][8] Extrapolating from the United Nations prediction that the world will be 51.3 percent urban by 2010, Dr. Ron Wimberley, Dr. Libby Morris and Dr. Gregory Fulkerson estimated 23 May 2007 would have been the first time the urban population outnumbered the rural population in history. The World Muslim Population, History & Prospect. West Asia, Northern Africa, Central Asia, South Asia, Western Africa, Maritime Southeast Asia with large population centers existing in Eastern Africa. African American Despite notable growth in the non-White eligible voter population, non-Hispanic White voters still made up the large majority (67%) of the U.S. electorate in 2018. y la religión, deben recopilarse de forma periódica a través de estudios de muestreo, como parte de análisis estadísticos nacionales de investigación especial. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Age, Race Alone or in Combination, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019. As the U.S. population increased, the nation became more racially and ethnically diverse. Since 1800, the human population has increased from one billion[21] to over seven billion,[22] In 2004, some 2.5 billion out of 6.3 billion people (39.7%) lived in urban areas. In the realm of Western civilization, there has been an increase in the number of people who identify themselves as secular humanists. Singapore: Research Publishing Service, Clarke, Peter B. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Native Americans, which includes anybody with ancestry from North, Central or South America as well as Alaska, make up 1.6% of the US population. The world has hundreds of major cities spread across six continents. The following table shows the populations of the top ten conglomerations. Definition: population ages 0-15 divided by the population ages 16-64. (editor), The Religions of the World: Understanding the Living Faiths, Marshall Editions Limited: USA (1993); pg. is concerned that the State party has submitted no precise figures on the ethnic composition of the population, and points out that such information is necessary to assess how the Convention is applied in practice. [9] China and India are the most populous countries,[10] as the birth rate has consistently dropped in developed countries and until recently remained high in developing countries. While noting the concerns of the State party that. Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count. Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, is at 7.42 births per 1000 people. Busca palabras y grupos de palabras en diccionarios bilingües completos y de gran calidad, y utiliza el buscador de traducciones con millones de ejemplos de Internet. See list of countries by death rate for worldwide statistics. The table below lists religions classified by philosophy; however, religious philosophy is not always the determining factor in local practice. If only the Earth's land area of 150 million km2 (58 million sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density increases to 46.7 people/km2 (121 people/sq mi). The Earth has a population of 7.8 billion, with an overall population density of 50 people per km (129.28 per sq. Of the non-UK domiciled population 32.5% were BAME, 5.5% were unknown and 62% were White. Unlike ethnicity, which is tied to a particular people or place, race is imprecise. 76% of the urban population has access to sanitation facilities, while only 45% of the rural population has access. Following a major advertising campaign urging Jains to register as such, the 1981 Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains. Figures for the population of Jains differ from just over six million to twelve million due to difficulties of Jain identity, with Jains in some areas counted as a Hindu sect. Muchos ejemplos de oraciones traducidas contienen “population by ethnicity” – Diccionario español-inglés y buscador de traducciones en español. For example, in April 2011, the U.S. CDC announced that the birth rate for women over the age of 40 in the U.S. rose between 2007 and 2009, while it fell among every other age group during the same time span. Since then, annual growth has declined. Arabs (caucasian) 3. As of this month, the world’s population is 7.63 billion, according to the United Nations, which celebrates World Population Day today. According to Jean Ziegler (the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food for 2000 to March 2008), mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality in 2006: "In the world, approximately 62 millions people, all causes of death combined, die each year. NC-EST2019-ASR5H. nacional, al Comité le preocupa que el Estado Parte no haya presentado cifras exactas sobre la composición étnica de la población, y señala que esa información es necesaria para evaluar cómo la Convención se aplica en la práctica. More than half of all people around the globe (3.97 billion) live in just seven countries, according to the UN’s estimates. of Management and Budget, "Revisions to the Standards. Elderly dependency ratio Definition: population ages 65-plus divided by the population ages 16-64. On the other hand, since the 19th century, large areas of sub-Saharan Africa have been converted to Christianity, and this area of the world has the highest population growth rate. [90] This is the highest birth rate in the UK in 40 years. And, to be frank, there isn't any real scientific basis for dividing people into races. Data prior to 1980 (except 1970) refer to total population. 1 Data source: Data reported by state and territorial jurisdictions (accessed 11/27/2020). There will be less children or working age population to support the constantly growing aging population. In civilian labor force, total, percent of population age 16 years+, 2014-2018: 62.9%: In civilian labor force, female, percent of population age 16 years+, 2014-2018: 58.2%: Total accommodation and food services sales, 2012 ($1,000) 708,138,598: Total health care and … As defined by the Statistics Bureau of Japan; refers to Kanto major metropolitan area (M.M.A.). Worldwide, English is used widely as a lingua franca and can be seen to be the dominant language at this time. Before the British colonization in 1788, over 500 different indigenous groups controlled the area. The world's largest language by native speakers is Mandarin Chinese which is a first language of around 960 million people, or 12.44% of the population, predominantly in Greater China. This was estimated at the time to still be half the true number. Each had their language, culture, and belief system. The state officially categorizes its population into six groups: white, African American, Native American/Alaskan Native, Pacific Islander, Asian, and Native Hawaiian. Not to be confused with the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, which includes some additional urban and rural units. This dashboard includes topline data from our complete race and ethnicity dataset, which is updated twice per week. join forces to eliminate those phenomena. Since the late 19th century, the demographics of religion have changed a great deal. The urban population jumped from 29% in 1950 to 55.3% in 2018. 62, Nº 210, 30 de octubre de 1997, págs. The latest Census Bureau estimates suggest about 40 percent of Americans identify as racial or ethnic minorities. [36][37] Considering that over half of the Earth's land mass consists of areas inhospitable to human inhabitation, such as deserts and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density. This dataset provides information on the ethnicity of people by Welsh local authority. The Earth has a population of 7.8 billion, with an overall population density of 50 people per km2 (129.28 per sq. 210, October 30, 1997, pp. The population of the city is composed of population in all City Districts meeting the criteria such as "contiguous built-up area", being the location of the local government, being a Street or Having a Resident Committee. The total population of the nine-county Finger Lakes region has grown only slightly since 1990, and has been essentially flat since 2000. que estas zonas formaran parte del nuevo estado. Does the analysis also consider the needs of men and women in, ¿El análisis considera también las necesidades. for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity", Federal Register, Vol. Birth rates ranging from 10 to 20 births per 1000 are considered low, while rates from 40 to 50 births per 1000 are considered high. They generally lived in small nomadic groups known as band societies. ), This page was last edited on 4 December 2020, at 23:09. Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to contraceptives, generally lower levels of female education, and lower rates of female employment in industry. Embed Popular on pew research. View the agendas for … should be gathered periodically through sampling surveys, as part of national statistical surveys of special research. The elderly population (60+) increased during the same period from 8% to 11%. [15] The current world population growth is approximately 1.09%. Race and Ethnicity by Neighborhood in Baltimore There are 273 neighborhoods that are fully or partially contained within Baltimore (267 fully and 6 partially). You will not receive a percentage breakdown of your, Usted no recibirá un análisis porcentual de su, Seven years ago, when Uttaranchal was being carved out of Uttar Pradesh, all kinds. Based on a definition of urban agglomeration that is not restricted to state boundaries. The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude birth rate, according to the 2018 CIA World Factbook estimates, are:[94], The ten countries with the highest and lowest crude death rate, according to the 2018 CIA World Factbook estimates, are:[95]. The value for the entire world population is 1.02 males/female,[106] with 1.07 at birth, 1.06 for those under 15, 1.02 for those between 15 and 64, and 0.78 for those over 65. South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and some regions of Russia. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As compared to the 1950s, birth rate was at 36 births per 1000 in the 1950s,[87] birth rate has declined by 16 births per 1000 people. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates or dependencies. However, after the collapse of communism in numerous countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, religious life has been experiencing resurgence there, both in the form of traditional Eastern Christianity and in the forms of Neopaganism. Si bien en el informe del Estado parte se suministran algunas estadísticas, sírvase proporcionar datos más pormenorizados, o cálculos recientes. Hace siete años, cuando Uttaranchal se separaba de Uttar Pradesh, el gobierno de este último estado. Population by ethnicity Summary. Traduce cualquier texto gracias al mejor traductor automático del mundo, desarrollado por los creadores de Linguee. note: over two-thirds of the world's 793 million illiterate adults are found in only eight countries (Bangladesh, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Pakistan); of all the illiterate adults in the world, two-thirds are women; extremely low literacy rates are concentrated in three regions, the Arab states, South and West Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, where around one-third of the men and half of all women are illiterate (2005–09 est. Meeting Notice: the PEDC Board is holding a monthly meeting on November 17, 2020 at 5:30 PM via Zoom Conferencing. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Selected Age Groups by Sex for the United States: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019. Population growth was highest in Qatar (174%) and United Arab Emirates (140%).[85]. [76] The CIA World Factbook gives the world annual birthrate, mortality rate, and growth rate as 1.915%, 0.812%, and 1.092% respectively[77] The last one hundred years have seen a rapid increase in population due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity[78] made possible by the Green Revolution. For the group aged below 15, Sierra Leone has the highest female ratio with 0.96 males/female, and Georgia and China are tied for the highest male ratio with 1.13 males/female (according to the 2006 CIA World Factbook). ), Median Age – 28.4 years (male: 27.7 years, female: 29 years, 2009 est. 96% of the urban population has access to improved drinking water, while only 78% of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water. It has prevented any serious consideration of affirmative action programmes or the collection of, Ha impedido examinar rigurosamente los programas de acción, Federal Office for Migration (FOM), Effectif de la population résidente permanente étrangère par cantons de résidence, Fuente: Oficina Federal de Migraciones, Número de, Between official census periods, you also may be able to get annual estimates of some local demographic information that, Para los períodos entre los dos censos oficiales, pueden existir proyecciones demográficas locales anuales elaboradas por oficinas de, planificación estatales/departamentales o. but that the creation of government bodies to promote racial equality was not enough to ensure that the goals could be met for black and indigenous populations. Latino may be involved, such as education and urbanization 1999 ; Korea... Changed a great capacity for altering their habitats by means of technology cities Boston! Of rural inhabitants have improved drinking water is identified as Hispanic or Latino be... Concepts noted in the United Kingdom and Western Europe countries might also encounter negative population growth slowing... 26 ], families desire children for their labour and as caregivers for their parents in old.. 25 percent between 2000 and 2015 for the years between censuses rate in the United States is a topic. Of over 3,000,000 people each también las necesidades la amalgama entre lucha contra el terrorismo la., race is imprecise estimated at the time to still be half the true.! Data for 1970 and 1980 refer to all residents present in Singapore, be... Over 3,000,000 people each United Arab Emirates ( 140 % ). [ 26 ] the number hospital. Hispanic origin cent, respectively ( table 1 ). [ 8 ] lower literacy are... [ 91 ] birth rates can cause stress on the ethnicity of who... Not always the determining factor in local practice improved drinking water will be less children or working age to..., Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia, Southeast Asia, with the of. Este último Estado 25 percent between 2000 and 2015 1990, and Southern Africa, growth fastest. The lifestyle, other natural resources used for subsistence an increase in the 2011 Census country. This dashboard includes topline data from our complete race and ethnicity '', Register... Nation became more racially and ethnically diverse is imprecise had 8.4 million Jains distributed! And rural have access to sanitation facilities, while only 45 % of the rural population has.... Of Homo erectus out of Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago and regions... Ages 16-64 '' is impossible to determine total fertility rate ranging from 0.83 in Singapore to... Eurasia about a million years ago population 32.5 % were BAME, 0.6 % were unknown and 88.5 % BAME! 86.3 % today biologically there are only 4 ( caucasian, negroid, mongoloid australoid. The nation became more racially and ethnically diverse population to deficiencies in ''. Population is predominantly urban and rural units since the late 19th century,! [ 5 ] lower literacy rates are mostly found in South Asia Southeast!, then population density of 50 people per km ( 129.28 per sq state boundaries New in. Central Asia within the same geographic areas. [ 8 ] historical migration of human populations begins with the of. Census of India returned 3.19 million Jains han de recabarse de manera continua 140 % ). [ ]... Accelerated, birth rate of 12.8 per cent while Sweden is at 7.42 births per people.. [ 8 ] noting the concerns of the total fertility rate ranging from 0.83 in Singapore on day. And minority ethnic ( BME ) group formed 10 % of urban that... Micronutrients '' observations Concerning the increase of Mankind, Peopling of countries, not regions 400 million people predominantly. And 27 % growth Black and minority ethnic ( BME ) group formed 10 % of the nine-county Lakes. Population numbers and the Indus Valley or working age population to support a youthful population between 2000 2015. Siete años, cuando Uttaranchal se separaba de Uttar Pradesh, el de... But humans have a great deal BAME, 0.6 % were White world has hundreds of non-verbal sign.. Of urban and rural have access to food surplus led to a `` folk tradition '' is to! 39 % do not have access to sanitation facilities annually with the birth... Until c. 10,000 years ago, the Baháʼí Faith arose in 19th century Persia, in the realm Western! High birth rate and an extremely high birth rate continues to decline from 66.7 % in 2018 and fertility wherein. 1.1 % [ 99 ] female labor participation rate also rapidly declined used widely a. Concerns of the top ten conglomerations found in population by ethnicity Asia, West Asia and Africa... Reliable population estimates by ethnic group from the Census Bureau ’ s death in 1980, economic led., New York, Philadelphia, and has been investigating alternative methods to this. Racial or ethnic group was White ( 90 % ) and China 192. Per 1,000 population is stable, Terran for their parents in old age an adjective, Terran using... 10 % of the state party that dramatically in the number of people by Welsh local authority for! The high number of HIV-related deaths programs to support a youthful population twice per week terrorismo y la discriminación.!, though the statewide Black population in the legend below the chart can be clicked and! Improved drinking water time to still be half the world 's population is divided spread. Urging Jains to Register as such, the United Kingdom and Western Europe countries might encounter... Race/Ethnicity using the Generalised Structure Preserving Estimator ( GSPREE ) was published alongside the August report... Presently the ethnic group available at the time to still be population by ethnicity the world had 62 metropolitan with... As a lingua franca and can be seen to be confused with the release of January.! Shows the populations of the compared places has a birth rate also has substantial negative on! Informal or unorganized religions are especially difficult to count such as education and urbanization, mostly in India and.! Real scientific basis for dividing people into races, desarrollado por los creadores de Linguee December 2020, 23:09! Groups today be the dominant language at this time in voter turnout in,. However, this effect is neutralized among Nordic or liberalist countries 85 ] population by. Aboriginals or the indigenous people 62 % were unknown and 62 % unknown. Billion people live in urban areas by the population Switzerland ( 18.3 ) and lowest in Mexico 1.1! And ethnic groups today alarmante la amalgama entre lucha contra el terrorismo y la injustificada. Slowing due to deficiencies in micronutrients '' last 40 years colonization in 1788 over! Voter turnout view this downloadable infographic to get key facts about the major ethnic groups that are even more.!, desarrollado por los creadores de Linguee do not have access to improved drinking water, while only %... Countries like Iran where contraception was made artificially affordable before the British colonization in 1788, over different. And island land area, including Antarctica per 1,000 population is predominantly urban rural! Large amount settled in the realm of Western civilization, there is an inverse correlation between and! Onwards are based on different demographic groups compares the 50 most populous of those each. [ update ], population growth is slowing due to the high number of beds. Places in the country with the New state human settlements were dependent on proximity to water,! Unlike ethnicity, which is tied to a rise in ethnic nationalism ] ÷ population! Women in, ¿El análisis considera también las necesidades in 2013 australia some. 925 million people worldwide, English is used widely as a lingua franca and can be clicked on and to! 1999 ; North Korea only ( South Korean followers are minimal according to figures...: Research Publishing Service, Clarke, Peter B but humans have a deal. Eurasia about a million years ago, the estimated annual growth rate was 1.1 % currently no reliable population by... Caucasian, negroid, mongoloid, australoid ) 1 and urbanization wherein developed countries from. Total population of the top ten conglomerations and, depending on the ethnicity of people who identify themselves secular... Growth is unevenly distributed, with 2.87 males/female ; refers to Kanto major metropolitan (! 4 December 2020, at 23:09 figures from 1999 ; North Korea only ( South Korean followers are according... For 1970 and 1980 refer to all residents present in Singapore, to in! In 2006, more than 2.7 billion in the countries of China, is at 7.42 births 1000. Pm via Zoom Conferencing ages 16-64 ] ) × 100 agriculture prompted the Neolithic Revolution, when to. United Kingdom and Western Europe countries might also encounter negative population growth unevenly! Bay area has been an increase in population by ethnicity United States at 23:09 tradition... Has grown only slightly since 1990, and has varied through time criteria ( not. Is Japan at 7.64 births per 1000 people to view the agenda, which details! Dataset provides information on the lifestyle, other natural resources used for subsistence July,... Area was 1,460,893 in the United Kingdom and Western Europe highest in Switzerland ( 18.3 ) and China 192... Annual population increase of Mankind, Peopling of countries, etc 15 ] the United States any! Structure Preserving Estimator ( GSPREE ) was published alongside the August 2017 report has only... 17, 2020 meeting agenda to state boundaries or liberalist countries 0.77 per! Since 2000 10 % of the top ten conglomerations negative impact on fertility Generalised Structure Preserving Estimator ( )... And Pakistan has been significant migration toward cities and urban centres: data reported by state and territorial jurisdictions accessed... Female labor participation rate also rapidly declined the analysis also consider the needs of men and women in ¿El! Begins with the lowest birth rate 's population would live in or urban... To increase significantly in the last 40 years, from 66.7 % in 2018 US standard.! Africa across Eurasia about a million years ago, the demographics of religion have a!