Nowadays, Oakland’s officers make stops only for documented reasons and ignore minor violations such as double parking. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur “genius” grant. “This wasn’t just a bias, where you think, ‘This group is not as good as my group,’” she says. Observers almost always say they see the quizmaster as more intelligent, despite knowing that’s simply because the host already has the answers. She studies the psychological association between race and crime and the dehumanization of Black Americans in contemporary society. In this powerful talk, psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt explores how our biases unfairly target Black people at all levels of society -- from schools and social media to policing and criminal justice -- and discusses how creating points of friction can help us actively interrupt and address this troubling problem. She asked subjects (largely white) to stare at a dot on a computer screen while images—of a black face, a white face, or no face at all—flashed imperceptibly quickly off to one side. Jennifer Eberhardt, Ph.D., is Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Public Policy, Professor of Psychology, and Faculty Co-Director of SPARQ. Eberhardt admits the findings shook her. “Those are the faces our brain is getting trained on.”. In cleverly designed experiments, she has shown how social conditions can interact with the workings of our brain to determine our responses to other people, especially in the context of race. Description. Eberhardt, a MacArthur Foundation “genius grant” award winner in 2014, has long been putting her insights to work. In 2014, Eberhardt’s group was enlisted to help with task No. Another tack is to introduce what Eberhardt calls friction into the system. Eberhardt wondered about the staying power of those associations. Discussing unconscious racial bias, which she has studied for years, the Stanford University psychologist mentioned the “other-race effect,” in which people have trouble recognizing faces of other racial groups. April 15, 2015 Teachers more likely to label black students as troublemakers, Stanford research shows. She has a Ph.D. from Harvard, and is the recipient of many prestigious awards, including a 2014 MacArthur “genius” award. Then the researchers used a combination of human raters and machine learning algorithms to analyze those utterances on scales of respect, formality, impartiality, and politeness. The Stanford research was inspired, in part, by the cases most recently before the high court, said Jennifer Eberhardt, senior author of the study. About Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt A social psychologist at Stanford University, Jennifer Eberhardt investigates the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. When Jennifer Eberhardt’s son was 5 years old, he and his mother sat side by side on an airplane. Jennifer Eberhardt: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati and an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. And last year, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Eberhardt and colleagues reported that implicit bias affects leaders in the asset allocation industry—a $69.1 trillion business that helps universities, pension funds, governments, and charities decide where to invest. The only other black person on … AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. “We’ve paid many consultants over the years to come in and do studies, but they’d leave us with their findings and would walk away,” he says. Psychology, Harvard University, March 1990 Maybe immune flare-ups, Controversial study says U.S. labs use 111 million mice, rats, Disgraced COVID-19 studies are still routinely cited, New mutations raise specter of ‘immune escape’, American Association for the Advancement of Science. BONUS EPISODE with Jennifer Eberhardt (social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University) is the first in a monthly series on dissecting the Black experience in America. Eberhardt hasn’t shied away from some of the most painful questions in U.S. race relations, such as the role of bias in police shootings. Jennifer L Eberhardt's 34 research works with 3,933 citations and 8,109 reads, including: The development of race effects in face processing from childhood through adulthood: Neural … After analyzing more than 28,000 traffic stops, Eberhardt and her team found that the data supported the residents’ distress. Video: Low-cost interventions could help combat the ‘psychological poverty trap’, Chemists re-engineer a psychedelic to treat depression and addiction in rodents, Biogen’s Alzheimer’s drug candidate takes a beating from FDA advisers, Global temperatures in 2020 tied record highs, What causes IBS pain? The researchers didn’t hear ethnic slurs or overt insults. Eberhardt argues that increased diversity in neighborhoods, workplaces, and schools could help, and she calls for studying the effectiveness of the antibias training that some institutions are introducing. When she reversed the process, students primed with line drawings of apes directed their attention to black faces more quickly. The legacy of past policies, such as segregated neighborhoods and mass incarceration, creates conditions that trickle down to individual brains. The subjects, who included both police officers and students, were asked to press a key as soon as they recognized the object. Reading Time: 4 minutes Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford University whose research explores race, bias, and inequality; she is the author of Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do.. What We Discuss with Jennifer L. Eberhardt: What’s going on in the brain that creates and maintains bias. In response to these findings, Eberhardt has recently begun to work with law enforcement agencies to design interventions to improve policing and to help them build and maintain trust with the communities they serve. She has also contributed to research on unconscious bias, including demonstrating how racial imagery and judgment affect culture and socie… Reading Time: 4 minutes Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford University whose research explores race, bias, and inequality; she is the author of Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do.. What We Discuss with Jennifer L. Eberhardt: What’s going on in the brain that creates and maintains bias. Contrary to her fears, her new classmates were welcoming. Same-race recognition isn’t inborn, Eberhardt says. To explore how hardwired the effect might be, Eberhardt and colleagues at Stanford recruited 10 black and 10 white students and put them in an MRI machine while showing them photographs of white and black faces. More power to you, sister. Eberhardt, a MacArthur Foundation “genius grant” award winner in 2014, has long been putting her insights to work. Jennifer Eberhardt is fascinated with objects. And she and her colleagues did the study before the Obama and Trump presidencies, when racist language resurged on the internet and in politics. Such results might upset a woman whose great-great-grandfather was born into slavery. So she trained herself to recognize features she had never paid attention to before—“eye color, various shades of blond hair, freckles,” she wrote in her book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Armstrong disagrees. Jennifer Eberhardt makes it clear that racism operates at all levels, and it fills me with hope to know that she is fighting it at all levels. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford. The work, Fiske says, is “very disturbing but also spot-on in terms of the science.” Eberhardt doesn’t know how those ideas made their way into the minds of her study participants, mostly white undergraduates. The object could be benign, such as a radio, or crimerelated, such as a gun. Connect with us on social media or view all of our, Committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world, "Talking About Racial Bias with the Author of ‘Biased’", "She Wrote a Book About Bias. She also has examined implicit bias among law enforcement, showing that, for example, police officers are more likely to mistakenly identify African American faces as criminal than white faces; in addition, officers are more likely to judge faces that are the most stereotypically black as the most likely to be criminal. Stanford University psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt has done a multi-year exploration of policing in America. “Drawing on her pioneering research, Jennifer Eberhardt’s new book offers a powerful exploration of how racial bias seeps into our classrooms, college campuses, police departments, and businesses.” —Bruce Western, author of Punishment and Inequality in America and Professor of Sociology, Columbia University Jennifer Eberhardt’s research shows subconscious connections in people’s minds between black faces and crime, and how those links may pervert justice. But some of the laughs were painful. This is where the power lies and how the process starts.”. The data included reasons for the stop, the race of the driver, whether the car was searched, and whether the driver was handcuffed or charged with an offense. Stanford University psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt has done a multi-year exploration of policing in America. (Benjamin Zephaniah) "Jennifer Eberhardt's work is essential to helping us understand racial inequalities in our country and around the world. A longer summary of Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt if you have more time ... Research shows that people tend to grossly overestimate the extent to which they will speak out against prejudice, particularly when they are not the target of the offense. Currently working with anthropologists to better articulate the process of cognitive dehumanization that occurs to justify marginalizing and discriminatory practices, Eberhardt is unearthing nuanced insights about how we see and experience racial difference. When given virtually identical portfolios of successful investment firms that differed only in the race of the principals, the study indicated, financial managers tended to choose white-managed firms. Discussing unconscious racial bias, which she has studied for years, the Stanford … Her research found the association between Black Americans and crime is so powerful that just thinking about violent crime can lead people to focus their attention on Black faces. Research Initiatives and Recommendations To Improve Police-Community Relations in Oakland, Calif. ... Amrita Maitreyi, B.S., and Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Ph.D. To understand and improve police-community relations in Oakland, Calif., the Stanford research team is analyzing body-worn camera (BWC) footage, community resident surveys, police training Such learned perceptual biases, she thought, might shape reactions, too—in particular those at work in tense confrontations that can have a tragic outcome, such as when a police officer shoots an unarmed black man. But some of the laughs were painful. We've updated our privacy policies in response to General Data Protection Regulation. Over the decades, Eberhardt and her Stanford team have explored the roots and ramifications of unconscious bias, from the level of the neuron to that of society. Monday, October 19, 2020 As society continues to reflect on how to address issues of race, bias, and policing, SPARQ Co-Director Jennifer Ebherhardt shares her expertise and data-driven learnings from her long-term work on this issue. Eberhardt has written that the phrase “they all look alike,” long the province of the bigot, “is actually a function of biology and exposure.” There’s no doubt plenty of overt bigotry exists, Eberhardt says; but she has found that most of us also harbor bias without knowing it. Jennifer Eberhardt’s work disrupting bias featured in CNN, New York Times, BBC, and more! Dr. Eberhardt has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy’s 100 Leading Global Thinkers. Jennifer Eberhardt is a Stanford professor and MacArthur Genius award recipient who has worked with several police departments to improve their interactions with communities of color. As a result, the number of traffic stops dropped by nearly half from 2016 to 2018, and stops involving black drivers dropped by 43%. But Eberhardt says using science to study racial bias drains it of its mystery and power. Jennifer L. Eberhardt received a B.A. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a social psychologist investigating the subtle, complex, largely unconscious yet deeply ingrained ways that individuals racially code and categorize people, with a particular focus on associations between race and crime. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and innovative methods—from laboratory studies to … She has a Ph.D. from Harvard, and is the recipient of many prestigious awards, including a 2014 MacArthur “genius” award. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign… More about Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD Eberhardt’s finding, added to earlier studies showing similar associations, suggests a dangerous sequence of cognitive events, especially in situations when adrenaline runs high. Research Report Looking Deathworthy Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes Jennifer L. Eberhardt,1 Paul G. Davies,2 Valerie J. Purdie-Vaughns,3 and Sheri Lynn Johnson4 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University; 2Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; 3Department of Psychology, Yale University; … Law enforcement officers across the country are taking note. From 1995 to 1998, she held a joint faculty position at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies and was a research fellow at the Center for Race, Inequality, and Politics. “She is taking this world that black people have always known about and translating it into the principles and building blocks of universal human psychology,” adds Phillip Atiba Goff, a former graduate student of Eberhardt’s who runs the Center for Policing Equity at John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. From her advice, they created a checklist so people logging on had to specify suspicious behavior before describing appearance. About Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD. When students viewed faces of their own race, brain areas involved in facial recognition lit up more than when viewing faces of other races. Law enforcement officers across the … Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a social psychologist investigating the subtle, complex, largely unconscious yet deeply ingrained ways that individuals racially code and categorize people, with a particular focus on associations between race and crime. Long since discredited, such ideas have not disappeared. Eberhardt has been especially active in criminal justice, playing a key role in the court-ordered reform of the Oakland police department, which has a history of toxic community relations. “Dr. In general, her work divides into two broad programs of study: The nature of racial categories and their influence on beliefs and stereotyping. When police asked the teens why they targeted that neighborhood, they said the Asian women, when faced with a lineup, “couldn’t tell the brothers apart.”. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford. There’s no easy antidote for unconscious bias. At Stanford, she co-directs Social Psychological Answers to … In the aftermath of the 1991 Rodney King beating and Los Angeles riots, patrol radio chatter revealed officers referring to black people as “gorillas in our midst,” among other derogatory descriptions. Psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt explores the roots of unconscious bias—and its tragic consequences for U.S. society. APS President Elect Jennifer Eberhardt discussed her research on racial bias, stereotypes, and their impacts during the 2019 Henry and Bryna David Lecture at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. With an eager and observant eye for his in-flight surroundings, her son pointed out a passenger, saying “that guy looks like daddy,” Eberhardt recalled. Research Report Looking Deathworthy Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes Jennifer L. Eberhardt,1 Paul G. Davies,2 Valerie J. Purdie-Vaughns,3 and Sheri Lynn Johnson4 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University; 2Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; 3Department of Psychology, Yale University; and 4Cornell Law School In the 19th century, prominent scientists such as Louis Agassiz and Paul Broca embraced “racial science,” which saw black people as an evolutionary step between apes and white people. In cases when the victim was white, the criminals who appeared the most “black” were more than twice as likely as others to have received a death sentence. She also studies representations of race and behavioral implications in real world settings, such as in schools or police departments. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is widely considered one of the world’s leading experts on racial bias.She is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur “genius” grant. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide array of research methods, Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments suffuse our culture and society, and in particular shape actions and outcomes … Description. Just keep your hands on the steering wheel real quick.”. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. Rather than chase a suspect into a blind alley, officers are encouraged to call for backup, set a perimeter, and make a plan before closing in. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. Both black and white police officers used similar disrespectful language with black motorists, which tells Eberhardt that although some of that behavior may be racist, most probably arises from unconscious patterns that somehow get transmitted during training or fieldwork. For her dissertation, she decided to study one of the best-known examples—the “other race” face recognition bias. Oakland police, who were both black and white, searched or handcuffed black drivers at nearly three times the rate for white drivers. She introduced the class to the quizmaster test, in which one student poses as a quiz show host, like Alex Trebek on Jeopardy!, and another poses as a contestant. The researchers are also looking at how traumatic incidents in one community, such as a police shooting, can affect police and citizen behaviors in another. In other words, seeing a black face—even subconsciously—prompted people to see the image of a gun. “This was like placing African Americans outside the human family altogether.”. The privacy of your data is important to us. Students primed with black faces detected ape images more quickly. After growing up in a black Cleveland neighborhood, she had a formative experience in middle school when her family moved to a predominantly white suburb. Without explaining the purpose of the study, she showed photos of the defendants to panels of students and asked them to rate which ones seemed most stereotypically black. The world needs you." Eberhardt has an earnest manner that suggests a deep sense of mission. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide-ranging array of methods -- from laboratory studies to novel field experiments -- Jennifer L. Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments shape actions and outcomes both in our criminal justice system and our neighborhoods, schools and workplaces. “She has been working tirelessly on this issue and brought a whole new series of concepts to the department,” says Jim Chanin, an attorney whose class action suit prompted the court order and who has seen the department’s record improve. She is taking this world that black people have always known about and translating it into the principles and building blocks of universal human psychology. In a follow-up study, students who viewed a video of police beating a black man after glimpsing an ape were more likely to say the beating was deserved. In a more recent outrage, a group of officers passed around a 19-year-old prostitute. "The statistics out there indicate that there are racial disparities in sentencing juveniles who have committed severe crimes," said Eberhardt, associate professor of psychology. “The data said it was actually under 5%.” A more recent study by the Computational Policy Lab at Stanford showed the same pattern nationwide. Eberhardt’s studies are “strong methodologically and also super real-world relevant,” says Dolly Chugh of New York University’s Stern School of Business, a psychologist who studies decision-making. Using the familiar dot-probe technique, she primed a group of students with subliminal images of black or white faces, followed by vague images of various animals, including apes. Another study of unconscious bias found that teachers were more likely to discipline black students—not on the first offense, but on the second: The teachers apparently were quicker to see “patterns” of bad behavior in black children. “As a scientist, I made it my role not to just be a member of a group who could be targeted by bias but to do something about it,” she says, “to investigate, understand it, and communicate with others.”. These associations also influence the extent to which individuals are able to discern—literally, to perceive—important visual details in crime-related imagery, as well as distinguishing features in African American faces. Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt (born 1965) is an African-American social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University. Those memories never left her as she made her way through her undergraduate years at the University of Cincinnati and her Ph.D. in cognitive psychology at Harvard University. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. Jennifer Eberhardt: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. She’s a social-scientific Virgil, offering expert commentary that illumines the book’s otherwise lightless descent into the hellish depths of racial prejudice. Here's Why She's Not Convinced Defunding the Police Is the Answer", "Meet the Psychologist Exploring Unconscious Bias—And Its Tragic Consequences for Society", "Justice Is Blind. She has a Ph.D. from Harvard, and is the recipient of many prestigious awards, including a … Whether this is the first book you have picked up on the topic of bias or yet another you are adding to your expertise on the topic, "Biased" by Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt … Using statistical analysis to analyze how a defendant’s skin color and hair texture relate to the sentencing decisions of jurors, Eberhardt has shown that black defendants are more likely to receive the death penalty if their facial characteristics are stereotypically black and their victims are white. The Oakland police have a long record of scandals. But phrases such as “I’m sorry to have to pull you over, but …” or “Drive safely, ma’am,” were reserved mostly for white people, whereas black motorists more often heard phrases such as “All right, my man. She and colleagues did a series of experiments using the dot-probe paradigm, a well-known method of implanting subliminal images. Authors: Jason A. Okonofua and Jennifer L. Eberhardt. Extending this research to the criminal sentencing of juveniles, she found that simply bringing to mind a black juvenile offender led people to perceive juveniles in general as more similar to adults and therefore more worthy of severe punishment, highlighting the fragility of protection for young defendants when race is a factor. Her studies regarding visual attention and racial bias in modern policing and criminal sentencing offer concrete demonstrations that stereotypic associations between race and crime directly impact how individuals behave and make decisions, often with far-ranging ramifications. The results, published in PNAS in 2017, confirmed that police routinely used less respectful language when speaking to black people than to white people. September/October 2015 Reading time 13 min When Jennifer Eberhardt appeared on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah in April 2019, she had a hard time keeping a straight face. In 2016, Eberhardt and colleagues published a study in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General showing that people who saw photos of black families subconsciously associated them with bad neighborhoods, no matter how middle-class those families appeared. © 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Stanford University and a 2014 MacArthur Fellow. Jennifer L. Eberhardt Department of Psychology Stanford University Jordan Hall - Building 420 Stanford, CA 94305-2130 (650) 703-2224 (voice) (650) 725-5699 (fax) jleberhardt@stanford.edu EDUCATION Ph.D. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide array of research methods—from laboratory studies to novel field experiments—Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments suffuse our … “Before these results, our officers would have told you that close to 90% of those stops were based on intelligence,” Armstrong says. Professors Jennifer Eberhardt and Dan Jurafsky, along with other Stanford researchers, detected racial disparities in police officers’ speech after analyzing more than 100 hours of body camera footage from Oakland Police. Such work explores “the very soul of our country,” Chugh says. Jennifer L Eberhardt's 34 research works with 3,933 citations and 8,109 reads, including: The development of race effects in face processing from childhood through adulthood: Neural and … “The whole culture has changed, and Dr. Eberhardt has been part of that.”. Biased: Amazon.es: Eberhardt, Dr Jennifer: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Selecciona Tus Preferencias de Cookies Utilizamos cookies y herramientas similares para mejorar tu experiencia de compra, prestar nuestros servicios, entender cómo los utilizas para poder mejorarlos, y para mostrarte anuncios. Eberhardt’s team decided to stay on and help us through that process … and that’s why we got so much buy-in from our officers.”. It stems from our brain’s tendency to categorize things—a useful function in a world of infinite stimuli, but one that can lead to discrimination, baseless assumptions, and worse, particularly in times of hurry or stress. ", "MacArthur Genius Recipient Jennifer Eberhardt Discusses Her New Book 'Biased'", "'You Don't Have to Be a Bigot to Have Bias,' Expert Explains", Research Finds Police Officers Less Respectful to African-American Drivers, "Police Are Less Respectful Toward Black Drivers, Report Finds", "Study: Black Teachers Won’t Save Black Students from Receiving Harsher Punishments Than Their White Peers", © 2021 John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for Creative & Effective Institutions. Psychology, Harvard University, June 1993 A.M. But the subconscious link between black faces and crime remains strong even when people have time to think, as other studies have shown. One series of studies tested her ability to remain detached. Jennifer Eberhardt Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do New York: Viking, 2019. “And I was like, wow, because normally this experiment always works.” She began to wonder how unconscious bias influences our perceptions. It’s a matter of experience, acting on biology: If you grew up among white people, you learned to make fine distinctions among whites. The department has been the target of lawsuits and sanctions, including a $10.9 million payout in a class action lawsuit resulting from the Riders fiasco. But dealing with bias is also a personal enterprise of pausing and examining one’s assumptions. “She’s not the only one working in social cognition or on police issues or on implicit bias. Rarely do we actually meet someone so heroic in real life, who is actually making a real difference. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford. Even before knowing the roots of the behavior, Eberhardt’s team worked with the police department to change it by creating role-playing exercises to train police to conduct traffic stops more respectfully. She’s a social-scientific Virgil, offering expert commentary that illumines the book’s otherwise lightless descent into the hellish depths of racial prejudice. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. It didn’t seem to be bigotry—the students completed a survey indicating that they did not consciously harbor bias. Sometimes, So Is Prejudice. Select News Coverage of Jennifer L. Eberhardt. As a result, the number of police shootings and officer injuries dramatically dropped. 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